Diagnosis

Diagnosis

If you have a symptom or the cancer can be detected by the result of your screening test, then the doctor should know whether it is for cancer or any other reason or not. The doctor can ask about your personal and family medical history and perform physical exams. The doctor can also order a laboratory test scan or other tests or procedures.

Lab test

High or low levels of certain substances in your body can be a sign of cancer. Therefore, laboratory tests of blood substances or other body fluids that measure these substances can diagnose the doctors. Although the results of unusual laboratory are not a sure sign of cancer. Lab tests are an important tool, but doctors can not trust them alone for diagnosis of cancer.

Imaging procedures

Imaging procedures make pictures of areas within your body that help the physician to see if a tumor exists or not. These images can be done in many ways:

CT scan:
An X-ray machine attached to the computer takes a series of detailed pictures of your limbs. You can get color or other contrast material to highlight areas inside the body. Contrast content helps to make these pictures easier to read.

Atomic scan:
For this scan, you get injection of radioactive material in small amounts, sometimes called tracer, it flows through your blood and collects it in some bones or organs. A machine called scanner detects radioactivity and takes action. The scanner creates pictures of bones or organs on a computer screen or film. Your body gets rid of radioactive substances quickly, this type of scan can also be called radionuclide scan.

Ultrasound:
An ultrasound device sends sound waves to people who can not hear. The waves bounce the tissues inside your body like an echo. A computer uses these organs to make a picture of the areas within your body. This picture is called sonogram

MRI:
A strong magnet connected to the computer is used to create a detailed picture of your body areas. Your doctor can see these pictures on a monitor and print them on the film.

Pet scan:
For this scan, you get a tracer injection. Then, a machine creates a 3D picture that shows where the tracer collects in the body. These scans show how organ and tissue work is happening.

X ray:
X-rays use less amount of radiation to make pictures inside your body.

Biopsy

In most cases, doctors should do biopsy to diagnose cancer. Biopsy is a procedure in which the doctor removes a sample of tissue. A pathologist looks at the tissue under the microscope to see if it is cancer. Samples can be removed in many ways:

With needle: The doctor uses a needle to remove the tissue or fluid.

With endoscope: The doctor looks at areas inside the body using a thin flap tube, called an endoscope. The scope is inserted through a natural opening, such as the mouth then the doctor uses a special tool to remove the tissue or cells through the tube.

With surgery: surgery may be helpful or anxious

• In an exceptional biopsy, the surgeon removes the whole tumor. Often some normal tissues are also removed around the tumor.
• In an incision biopsy, the surgeon removed only one part of the tumor.